Materials and Nuclear Fuel Research School engages top class academics and scientific staff, and has extensive laboratory facilities and advanced equipment and instrumentation. It plays an important role in the provision of advisory and technical support services to the nuclear industry, and in particular, nuclear fuel cycle and material sciences. The prophecy of the institute are based on continuous effort in research, development and deployment of technological capabilities in support of Sustainable development of various nuclear fuelcycle and also supply, quality control and protection of required nuclear industry materials.

Since 1974, Nuclear Agriculture research activities have have initiated in Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. In 1988, the Nuclear Research Group was established in Nuclear Medicine and Agriculture Research Centre of Karaj. With the establishment of Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute in 2007, agriculture, medicine and industrial research school was initiated and finally from 2013, Nuclear Agriculture Research School affiliated to above institute and has been in operation at approved organization chart, since then.

Since 1975, Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Research School have initiated in Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. Since the 70’s, after assembling and establishment of various devices such as zeta pinch, Alvand Tokomak, Damavand Tokomak, Dena plasma focus, scientists have started research and development.

The Institute for the Use of Radiation was established in 2006 by the merger of several centers belonging to the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran as a research institute in the Institute of Nuclear Science

The Tehran Research Reactor was founded and commissioned in 1967, and with the construction of the Isfahan Research Reactor, the activities of the Reactor Research Section began at the Research Center of the Organization's Research Center, and formed the foundation of the Reactor Research Institute in 2006.

With the launch of Iran's first electrostatic accelerator in the early 1950s, activities related to experimental nuclear physics at the Iranian Atomic Energy Organization began.

The Institute of Photonics and Quantum Technologies, formerly known as the Laser Research Center, was the first center established in the country in 1974. Established in 2006, the Institute was one of the first to receive the approval of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.